Structure and cultivation of the knowledge and abilities of students of higher vocational technical education

This paper puts forward the constitution module for the knowledge and ability structure that students of higher vocational education should have. It sets forth at the full some basic principles that the basic knowledge the students of higher vocational education should master ought to be limited to no more than enough for their future use while their special skills and knowledge should be advanced, practical and their humane knowledge should be rich and extensive. It also suggests certain measures for the cultivation of their comprehensive practical abilities and the dialectical relationship between knowledge and ability which leads to the conclusion that equal stress should be put on both of them

Different revegetation types alter soil physical-chemical characteristics and fungal community in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve

The effects of different revegetation types on soil physical–chemical characteristics and fungal community diversity and composition of soils sampled from five different revegetation types (JM, Juglans mandshurica; QM, Quercus mongolica; conifer-broadleaf forest (CB); LG, Larix gmelinii; PK, Pinus koraiensis) in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve were determined. Soil fungal communities were assessed employing ITS rRNA Illunima Miseq high-throughput sequencing. Responses of the soil fungi community to soil environmental factors were assessed through canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Pearson correlation analysis. The coniferous forests (L. gmelinii, P. koraiensis) and CB had reduced soil total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and available nitrogen (AN) values compared with the broadleaf forest (J. mandshurica, Q. mongolica). The average fungus diversity according to the Shannon, ACE, Chao1, and Simpson index were increased in the J. mandshurica site. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Rozellomycota were the dominant fungal taxa in this region. The phylum Basidiomycota was dominant in the Q. mongolica, CB, L. gmelinii, and P. koraiensis sites, while Ascomycota was the dominant phylum in the J. mandshurica site. The clear differentiation of fungal communities and the clustering in the heatmap and in non-metric multidimensional scaling plot showed that broadleaf forests, CB, and coniferous forests harbored different fungal communities. The results of the CCA showed that soil environmental factors, such as soil pH, total C, total N, AN, and available phosphorus (P) greatly influenced the fungal community structure. Based on our results, the different responses of the soil fungal communities to the different revegetation types largely dependent on different forest types and soil physicochemical characteristic in Baishilazi Nature Reserve

Bio-modification approach for novel dentine caries management by Galla chinesis extract and microbial transglutaminase

Introduction: Dental caries still remains one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Unlike enamel caries which can be restored mainly by modulating mineral balance, the dentine caries are characterized with irreversible proteolytic disintegration of organic matrices, highlighting an urgent need to seek novel management strategies. Bio-modification of dentine matrix has been proposed as a novel and alternative approach to enhancing its biochemical and biomechanical properties. The resultant chemical stability and mechanic durability are specifically desirable for prevention and restoration of dentine caries. However, conventional cross linking agents, e.g. glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde,are unsuitable for clinical use due to marked cytotoxicity or instability over time. The Hypothesis: Previous studies revealed that Galla chinesis extract (GCE) could inhibit cariogenic microbes and positively modulate enamel de/remineralization balance, and the mechanism was directed to the polyphenols-organic matrix interaction involving hydrogen, covalent, ionic bonding and hydrophobic processes. Microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) could induce crosslinks between peptide chains and improve functional properties of food proteins by catalyzing an acyl transfer reaction through ε - (γ-glutamyl) lysine (GL bonds). Given the high organic content in dentine and universal reaction nature of GCE and mTGase, we put forward a hypothesis that these two natural products may serve as novel biocompatible bio-modifiers to improve biochemical and biomechanical properties of dentine matrices. Evaluation of the Hypothesis: The validation of our hypothesis will provide profound insights updating current therapeutic strategies against dentine caries, and pioneer novel approaches for biocompatible bio-modification of dentine matrices. Specifically, GCE and mTGase can be integrated into the root canal irrigating and dentine boding procedures, where they may generate beneficial effects on preservation of integrity of dentine as well as dentine-sealer interface

A Probabilistic Model for Fire Temperature Rise in High-Rise Residential Buildings under the Action of Uncertain Factors

Due to the randomness of interior combustibles, wall thermal inertia, and opening factor, the fire temperature rise in high-rise residential buildings is uncertain. This study investigated 38 urban high-rise residential buildings, created the probability density functions of fire load density, opening factor, and wall thermal inertia, and constructed random fire scenarios for urban high-rise residential buildings. On this basis, relying on the Latin Hypercube Sampling method, this study further explored the probabilistic model for fire temperature rise in urban high-rise residential buildings under the action of uncertain factors, generated the possible temperature rise curves of fires in urban high-rise residential buildings and their probability distribution, and established the most representative temperature rise curve